Glaucoma

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a progressive eye disease that damages the optic nerve, the vital structure that transmits visual information from the eye to the brain. As this nerve deteriorates, blind spots develop in the field of vision, often without early warning signs. According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, glaucoma is one of the leading causes of blindness, especially in older adults. Early detection and consistent care from an eye care specialist are essential to prevent lasting vision loss.

What Causes Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is typically caused by increased pressure within the eye due to poor drainage of aqueous humor, the fluid that circulates in the front of the eye. When this fluid doesn’t drain properly, it builds up and places pressure on the optic nerve. Over time, this pressure can lead to irreversible nerve damage if left untreated.

Types of Glaucoma

There are two primary types of glaucoma:

• Open-Angle Glaucoma:
  The most common form, it progresses slowly and often without symptoms. Drainage becomes less efficient over time, causing increased eye pressure and gradual nerve damage.
• Angle-Closure Glaucoma:
  This form occurs when the iris blocks the drainage angle, leading to a rapid rise in eye pressure. Symptoms may include eye pain, blurred vision, headache, halos around lights, nausea, and vomiting. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.

Who Is at Risk?

Risk factors include:

• Age over 60
• Family history of glaucoma
• African, Hispanic, or Asian heritage
• Diabetes, high blood pressure, or poor circulation
• Nearsightedness or farsightedness
• Thin corneas
• History of eye trauma or surgery

If you’re at risk, regular eye exams are critical to monitor for early signs of damage.

How Is Glaucoma Detected?

A complete eye exam is the only reliable way to diagnose glaucoma. At PremierVision Laser Center, Inc., we conduct a thorough evaluation, which may include:

• Tonometry – measuring eye pressure
• Gonioscopy – checking the drainage angle
• Ophthalmoscopy – assessing the optic nerve
• Visual Field Testing – mapping peripheral vision loss
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) – scanning the optic nerve for structural changes

Treatment Options

While glaucoma damage cannot be reversed, proper treatment can slow or prevent further progression. We offer:

• Medications: Daily eye drops reduce fluid production or improve drainage.
• Laser Surgery: Procedures like trabeculoplasty or iridotomy help lower eye pressure.
• Traditional Surgery: In advanced cases, we may create new drainage channels through microsurgery.
• Treatment is personalized to your condition and may change over time depending on response.

Visual Field Testing

Visual field tests assess your side vision and help monitor the extent of glaucoma damage. This test is done using a perimeter machine, where you respond to light patterns. Results are used to track changes and adjust your care plan accordingly.

Medication Use and Compliance

• Proper use of prescribed eye drops is essential. Tips include:
• Keep drops refrigerated for easier application
• Avoid touching the dropper tip to the eye
• Apply punctual occlusion (gentle pressure at the tear duct) to maximize absorption
• Space multiple drops at least five minutes apart
• Always treat one eye at a time for better accuracy

Staying Involved in Your Care

Glaucoma treatment requires a partnership between the patient and provider. You play a key role by following medication schedules, attending follow-up appointments, and communicating any changes in your vision or symptoms.

Prevention and Follow-Up

Vision loss from glaucoma is preventable with early intervention. Adults over 40, especially those with risk factors, should undergo regular eye exams. Seniors aged 65 and older should be examined every 1–2 years, or as advised by their eye doctor.

At PremierVision Laser Center, Inc., we’re here to help you protect your vision and maintain lifelong eye health through proactive, compassionate, and professional care.